"Graham Priest presents an exploration of Buddhist metaphysics, drawing on texts which include those of N¿g¿rjuna and D¿gen. The development of Buddhist metaphysics is viewed through the lens of the catu¿ko¿i At its simplest, and as it appears in the earliest texts, this is a logical/ metaphysical principle which says that every claim is true, false, both, or neither; but the principle itself evolves, assuming new forms, as the metaphysics develops. An important step in the evolution incorporates ineffability. Such things make no sense from the perspective of a logic which endorses the principles of excluded middle and non-contradiction, which are standard fare in Western logic. However, the book shows how one can make sense of them by applying the techniques of contemporary non-classical logic, such as those of First Degree Entailment, and Plurivalent Logic. An important issue that emerges as the book develops is the notion of non-duality and its transcendence. This allows many of the threads of the book to be drawn together at its end. All matters are explained, in as far as possible, in a way that is accessible to those with no knowledge of Buddhist philosophy or contemporary non-classical logic."-- Provided by publisher.
Table of Contents
List of figures
ix
Before the Beginning Preface xv
0.1 Background xv
0.2 Overview xvi
0.3 Clarificatory Comments xvii
0.4 Thanks xix
Part I Early India
1 General Background
3 (13)
1.1 Introduction
3 (1)
1.2 The History and Geography of Buddhism
3 (5)
1.2.1 Buddhist philosophy I: India
4 (2)
1.2.2 Buddhist philosophy II: China
6 (2)
1.3 The Four Noble Truths
8 (1)
1.4 The Metaphysics of Ignorance
9 (6)
1.4.1 Impermanence
10 (1)
1.4.2 The self
10 (2)
1.4.3 Look for yourself
12 (1)
1.4.4 Causation and unity
13 (2)
1.4.5 The illusion of self
15 (1)
1.5 Conclusion
15 (1)
2 Quintum Non-Datur
16 (16)
2.1 Introduction
16 (1)
1.12 The Catuskoti: The Early Sutras
16 (1)
2.3 The Origins of the Principle
17 (1)
2.4 The Catuskoti: Some Dead Ends
18 (4)
2.5 Interlude on Classical Propositional Logic
22 (3)
2.6 First Degree Entailment
25 (1)
2.7 The Buddha's Silence
26 (2)
2.8 Presupposition Failure?
28 (1)
2.9 Conclusion
29 (1)
2.10 Technical Appendix
29 (3)
2.10.1 Many-valued logics
30 (1)
2.10.2 FDE
30 (1)
2.10.3 Natural deduction
31 (1)
3 Well-Founded Metaphysics
32 (17)
3.1 Introduction
32 (1)
3.2 Abhidharma Mereology and the Dharmas
32 (1)
3.3 The Two Realities
33 (2)
3.4 Are There Dharmas?
35 (4)
3.5 The Reality of Partite Objects
39 (2)
3.6 The Dharmas: Conceptual Dependence
41 (2)
3.7 The Dharmas: Causation
43 (1)
3.8 Conclusion
44 (5)
Part II Later India
4 Emptiness
49 (15)
4.1 Introduction
49 (1)
4.2 The Heart Sutra
49 (2)
4.3 Emptiness
51 (2)
4.4 The Attack on Svabhava
53 (3)
4.5 To be Empty
56 (1)
4.6 The Two Realities
57 (3)
4.7 Ultimate Reality and Ineffability
60 (2)
4.8 Enlightenment
62 (1)
4.9 Conclusion
62 (2)
5 The Fifth Corner
64 (11)
5.1 Introduction
64 (1)
5.2 Ineffability
64 (1)
5.3 The Fifth Koti
65 (2)
5.4 States of Affairs
67 (1)
5.5 Truth
68 (2)
5.6 Correspondence
70 (1)
5.7 Empty States of Affairs
71 (2)
5.8 Conclusion
73 (1)
5.9 Technical Appendix
73 (2)
6 Paradox and Ineffability
75 (20)
6.1 Introduction
75 (1)
6.2 The Paradox of Ineffability
75 (1)
6.3 Interlude: Western Connections
76 (3)
6.4 Having More than One Value
79 (1)
6.5 The Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra
80 (3)
6.6 A Farewell to India
83 (2)
6.7 Conclusion
85 (1)
6.8 Coda: Jaina Logic
85 (4)
6.8.1 Anekanta-Vada
86 (1)
6.8.2 The theory of sevenfold predication
87 (1)
6.8.3 The meaning of i
88 (1)
6.9 Technical Appendix
89 (6)
6.9.1 Plurivalent logic
89 (1)
6.9.2 Plurivalent FDEe
90 (1)
6.9.3 The Jaina version
90 (5)
Part III East Asia
7 And So On
95 (13)
7.1 Introduction
95 (1)
7.2 From Daoism to Buddhism
95 (2)
7.3 The Two Truths: Stage 1
97 (1)
7.4 The Two Truths: Stages 2 and 3
98 (1)
7.5 The Problem
99 (2)
7.6 Pseudo Jizang
101 (3)
7.7 The Jizang Hierarchy
104 (1)
7.8 Conclusion
105 (1)
7.9 Technical Appendix
105 (3)
8 The Golden Lion
108 (17)
8.1 Introduction
108 (1)
8.2 Alaya-Vijnana
108 (2)
8.3 Tathagata-Garbha
110 (1)
8.4 China and the Two Realities
111 (2)
8.5 Li, Shi, Ji
113 (1)
8.6 The Net of Indra
114 (1)
8.7 Identity
115 (1)
8.8 Emptiness
116 (1)
8.9 ... And its Structure
117 (3)
8.10 Tying Everything Together
120 (3)
8.11 The Net Emerges
123 (1)
8.12 Interpenetration and Duality
124 (1)
8.13 Conclusion
124 (1)
9 Enlightenment
125 (22)
9.1 Introduction
125 (1)
9.2 Enlightenment
125 (1)
9.3 Chan
126 (2)
9.4 The Ox-Herding Pictures
128 (2)
9.5 Mountains Are Not Mountains
130 (3)
9.6 Dogen and the Shobogenzo
133 (1)
9.7 Dogen and Huayan
133 (1)
9.8 Dogen on Samsara and Nirvana
134 (1)
9.9 Dogen and Zazen
135 (1)
9.10 Dogen and the Return to the Ordinary
136 (3)
9.11 Dogen on Language
139 (2)
9.12 On Transcending Dualities
141 (1)
9.13 Conclusion
142 (5)
After the End
10 A Methodological Coda
147 (4)
Sino-Japanese Glossary 151 (4)
Bibliography 155 (8)
Index of names 163 (3)
General Index 166