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The concept of "the commons" as a device for controlling land and natural resources first entered the political realm during the enclosure movement in pre-industrial Britain. In the late 20th century, new forms of enclosures and notions of private property are emerging - from water rights, biodiversity, and "gene pools" of plants and humans to the demands of multinational corporations for free access, to more land for investment and exploitation. The power of the commons is still flourishing and the "global commons" now provides the central metaphor for ecological politics. This volume examines the reasons behind the political resurgence of the commons, and the widespread struggle to transform existing nature-society relations into ones that are non-exploitative, socially just and ecologically healthy. It tackles the key themes such as the convergence of environment and social justice, global commodities, and the role of social movements. Central to the study are a series of case studies from the Amazon, Mexico, Cameroon, India and the Industrialized North. The authors assess the relevance of the global commons in a rapidly shrinking world and argue for a global "scientific commons" to match the changes we are experiencing as local environmental problems - such as the Chernobyl disaster - are perceived as fundamentally global ones. Inhalt: Preface By Susan George Introduction: The Political Resurgence of the Commons By Michael Goldman 1. Inventing the Commons: Theories and Practices of the Commons' Professional By Michael Goldman 2. Social Movements and the Remaking of the Commons in the Brazilian Amazon By Antonio Carlos Diegues 3. Between NAFTA and Zapata: Responses to Restructuring the Commons in Chiapas and Oaxaca, Mexico By Lynn Stephen 4. In Defence of the Commons: Forest Battles in Southern Cameroon By Samuel-Alain Nguiffo 5. Nature as Community: The Convergence of Environment and Social Justice By Giovanna DiChiro 6. Biodiversity: Of Local Commons and Global Commodities By Michael Flitner 7. Fairness, Social Capital and the Commons: The Societal Foundations of Collective Action in the Himalaya By Sanjeev Prakash 8. Style and Scale: Two Sources of Institutional Inappropriateness By Michael Thompson.