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Beschreibung

An easy-to-follow guide to introductory physics, from the Big Bang to relativityAll science, technology, engineering, and math majors in college and university require some familiarity with physics. Other career paths, like medicine, are also only open to students who understand this fundamental science. But don't worry if you find physics to be intimidating or confusing. You just need the right guide!In Physics I For Dummies, you'll find a roadmap to physics success that walks you through every major topic in introductory physics, including motion, energy, waves, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, relativity, and more. You'll learn the basic principles and math formulas of physics through clear and straightforward examples and instruction, and without unnecessary jargon or complicated theory.In this book, you'll also find:* Up-to-date examples and explanations appearing alongside the latest discoveries and research in physics, discussed at a level appropriate for beginning students* All the info found in an intro physics course, arranged in an intuitive sequence that will give first-year students a head start in their high school or college physics class* The latest teaching techniques to ensure that you remember and retain what you read and practice in the bookPhysics I For Dummies is proof that physics can fun, accessible, challenging, and rewarding, all at the same time! Whether you're a high school or undergraduate student looking for a leg-up on basic physics concepts or you're just interested in how our universe works, this book will help you understand the thermodynamic, electromagnetic, relativistic, and everything in between.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Introduction 1/ About This Book 1/ Conventions Used in This Book 1/ What You’re Not to Read 2/ Foolish Assumptions 2/ How This Book Is Organized 2/ Part 1: Putting Physics into Motion 2/ Part 2: May the Forces of Physics Be with You 3/ Part 3: Manifesting the Energy to Work 3/ Part 4: Laying Down the Laws of Thermodynamics 3/ Part 5: The Part of Tens 3/ Icons Used in This Book 4/ Beyond the Book 4/ Where to Go from Here 4/ Part 1: Putting Physics into Motion 5/ Chapter 1: Using Physics to Understand Your World 7/ What Physics Is All About 8/ Observing the world 8/ Making predictions 9/ Reaping the rewards 9/ Observing Objects in Motion 10/ Measuring speed, direction, velocity, and acceleration 10/ Round and round: Rotational motion 11/ Springs and pendulums: Simple harmonic motion 11/ When Push Comes to Shove: Forces 12/ Absorbing the energy around you 13/ That’s heavy: Pressures in fluids 13/ Feeling Hot but Not Bothered: Thermodynamics 14/ Chapter 2: Reviewing Physics Measurement and Math Fundamentals 15/ Measuring the World around You and Making Predictions 16/ Using systems of measurement 16/ From meters to inches and back again: Converting between units 17/ Eliminating Some Zeros: Using Scientific Notation 20/ Checking the Accuracy and Precision of Measurements 21/ Knowing which digits are significant 21/ Estimating accuracy 23/ Arming Yourself with Basic Algebra 24/ Tackling a Little Trig 25/ Interpreting Equations as Real-World Ideas 26/ Chapter 3: Exploring the Need for Speed 29/ Going the Distance with Displacement 30/ Understanding displacement and position 30/ Examining axes 31/ Speed Specifics: What Is Speed, Anyway? 34/ Reading the speedometer: Instantaneous speed 34/ Staying steady: Uniform speed 35/ Shifting speeds: Nonuniform motion 35/ Busting out the stopwatch: Average speed 35/ Speeding Up (Or Down): Acceleration 38/ Defining acceleration 38/ Determining the units of acceleration 38/ Looking at positive and negative acceleration 39/ Examining average and instantaneous acceleration 42/ Taking off: Putting the acceleration formula into practice 42/ Understanding uniform and nonuniform acceleration 44/ Relating Acceleration, Time, and Displacement 44/ Not-so-distant relations: Deriving the formula 45/ Calculating acceleration and distance 46/ Linking Velocity, Acceleration, and Displacement 48/ Finding acceleration 49/ Solving for displacement 50/ Finding final velocity 51/ Chapter 4: Following Directions: Motion in Two Dimensions 53/ Visualizing Vectors 54/ Asking for directions: Vector basics 54/ Looking at vector addition from start to finish 55/ Going head-to-head with vector subtraction 56/ Putting Vectors on the Grid 57/ Adding vectors by adding coordinates 57/ Changing the length: Multiplying a vector by a number 59/ A Little Trig: Breaking Up Vectors into Components 59/ Finding vector components 60/ Reassembling a vector from its components 62/ Featuring Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration in two dimensions 65/ Displacement: Going the distance in two dimensions 66/ Velocity: Speeding in a new direction 69/ Acceleration: Getting a new angle on changes in velocity 70/ Accelerating Downward: Motion under the Influence of Gravity 72/ The golf-ball-off-the-cliff exercise 72/ The how-far-can-you-kick-the-ball exercise 75/ Part 2: May the Forces of Physics Be with You 79/ Chapter 5: When Push Comes to Shove: Force 81/ Newton’s First Law: Resisting with Inertia 82/ Resisting change: Inertia and mass 83/ Measuring mass 84/ Newton’s Second Law: Relating Force, Mass, and Acceleration 84/ Relating the formula to the real world 85/ Naming units of force 86/ Vector addition: Gathering net forces 86/ Newton’s Third Law: Looking at Equal and Opposite Forces 92/ Seeing Newton’s third law in action 92/ Pulling hard enough to overcome friction 93/ Pulleys: Supporting double the force 94/ Analyzing angles and force in Newton’s third law 95/ Finding equilibrium 98/ Chapter 6: Getting Down with Gravity, Inclined Planes, and Friction 101/ Acceleration Due to Gravity: One of Life’s Little Constants 102/ Finding a New Angle on Gravity with Inclined Planes 102/ Finding the force of gravity along a ramp 103/ Figuring the speed along a ramp 105/ Getting Sticky with Friction 105/ Calculating friction and the normal force 106/ Conquering the coefficient of friction 107/ On the move: Understanding static and kinetic friction 108/ A not-so-slippery slope: Handling uphill and downhill friction 110/ Let’s Get Fired Up! Sending Objects Airborne 115/ Shooting an object straight up 115/ Projectile motion: Firing an object at an angle 117/ Chapter 7: Circling Around Rotational Motion and Orbits 119/ Centripetal Acceleration: Changing Direction to Move in a Circle 120/ Keeping a constant speed with uniform circular motion 120/ Finding the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration 122/ Seeking the Center: Centripetal Force 123/ Looking at the force you need 123/ Seeing how the mass, velocity, and radius affect centripetal force 124/ Negotiating flat curves and banked turns 125/ Getting Angular with Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration 128/ Measuring angles in radians 128/ Relating linear and angular motion 129/ Letting Gravity Supply Centripetal Force 131/ Using Newton’s law of universal gravitation 131/ Deriving the force of gravity on the Earth’s surface 132/ Using the law of gravitation to examine circular orbits 133/ Looping the Loop: Vertical Circular Motion 137/ Chapter 8: Go with the Flow: Looking at Pressure in Fluids 141/ Mass Density: Getting Some Inside Information 142/ Calculating density 142/ Comparing densities with specific gravity 143/ Applying Pressure 144/ Looking at units of pressure 144/ Connecting pressure to changes in depth 145/ Hydraulic machines: Passing on pressure with Pascal’s principle 149/ Buoyancy: Float Your Boat with Archimedes’s Principle 151/ Fluid Dynamics: Going with Fluids in Motion 153/ Characterizing the type of flow 154/ Picturing flow with streamlines 156/ Getting Up to Speed on Flow and Pressure 156/ The equation of continuity: Relating pipe size and flow rates 157/ Bernoulli’s equation: Relating speed and pressure 160/ Pipes and pressure: Putting it all together 160/ Part 3: Manifesting the Energy to Work 165/ Chapter 9: Getting Some Work Out of Physics 167/ Looking for Work 167/ Working on measurement systems 168/ Pushing your weight: Applying force in the direction of movement 168/ Using a tow rope: Applying force at an angle 170/ Negative work: Applying force opposite the direction of motion 172/ Making a Move: Kinetic Energy 173/ The work-energy theorem: Turning work into kinetic energy 173/ Using the kinetic energy equation 174/ Calculating changes in kinetic energy by using net force 175/ Energy in the Bank: Potential Energy 177/ To new heights: Gaining potential energy by working against gravity 178/ Achieving your potential: Converting potential energy into kinetic energy 179/ Choose Your Path: Conservative versus Nonconservative Forces 180/ Keeping the Energy Up: The Conservation of Mechanical Energy 181/ Shifting between kinetic and potential energy 181/ The mechanical-energy balance: Finding velocity and height 184/ Powering Up: The Rate of Doing Work 185/ Using common units of power 186/ Doing alternate calculations of power 187/ Chapter 10: Putting Objects in Motion: Momentum and Impulse 191/ Looking at the Impact of Impulse 191/ Gathering Momentum 193/ The Impulse-Momentum Theorem: Relating Impulse and Momentum 193/ Shooting pool: Finding force from impulse and momentum 195/ Singing in the rain: An impulsive activity 196/ When Objects Go Bonk: Conserving Momentum 197/ Deriving the conservation formula 198/ Finding velocity with the conservation of momentum 199/ Finding firing velocity with the conservation of momentum 200/ When Worlds (Or Cars) Collide: Elastic and Inelastic Collisions 202/ Determining whether a collision is elastic 203/ Colliding elastically along a line 204/ Colliding elastically in two dimensions 206/ Chapter 11: Winding Up with Angular Kinetics 211/ Going from Linear to Rotational Motion 212/ Understanding Tangential Motion 213/ Finding tangential velocity 213/ Finding tangential acceleration 215/ Finding centripetal acceleration 216/ Applying Vectors to Rotation 218/ Calculating angular velocity 218/ Figuring angular acceleration 219/ Doing the Twist: Torque 221/ Mapping out the torque equation 223/ Understanding lever arms 224/ Figuring out the torque generated 225/ Recognizing that torque is a vector 226/ Spinning at Constant Velocity: Rotational Equilibrium .227/ Determining how much weight Hercules can lift 228/ Hanging a flag: A rotational equilibrium problem 230/ Ladder safety: Introducing friction into rotational equilibrium 232/ Chapter 12: Round and Round with Rotational Dynamics 237/ Rolling Up Newton’s Second Law into Angular Motion 237/ Switching force to torque 238/ Converting tangential acceleration to angular acceleration 239/ Factoring in the moment of inertia 239/ Moments of Inertia: Looking into Mass Distribution 240/ Merry-go-rounds and torque: A spinning-disk inertia example 242/ Angular acceleration and torque: A pulley inertia example 244/ Wrapping Your Head around Rotational Work and Kinetic Energy 246/ Putting a new spin on work 246/ Moving along with rotational kinetic energy 248/ Let’s roll! Finding rotational kinetic energy on a ramp 249/ Can’t Stop This: Angular Momentum 251/ Conserving angular momentum 251/ Satellite orbits: A conservation-of-angular-momentum example 252/ Chapter 13: Springs ’n’ Things: Simple Harmonic Motion 255/ Bouncing Back with Hooke’s Law 255/ Stretching and compressing springs 256/ Pushing or pulling back: The spring’s restoring force 256/ Getting Around to Simple Harmonic Motion 258/ Around equilibrium: Examining horizontal and vertical springs 258/ Catching the wave: A sine of simple harmonic motion 260/ Finding the angular frequency of a mass on a spring 266/ Factoring Energy into Simple Harmonic Motion 269/ Swinging with Pendulums 270/ Part 4: Laying Down the Laws of Thermodynamics 273/ Chapter 14: Turning Up the Heat with Thermodynamics 275/ Measuring Temperature 276/ Fahrenheit and Celsius: Working in degrees 276/ Zeroing in on the Kelvin scale 277/ The Heat Is On: Thermal Expansion 278/ Linear expansion: Getting longer 278/ Volume expansion: Taking up more space 280/ Heat: Going with the Flow (Of Thermal Energy) 283/ Getting specific with temperature changes 284/ Just a new phase: Adding heat without changing temperature 286/ Chapter 15: Here, Take My Coat: How Heat Is Transferred 291/ Convection: Letting the Heat Flow 291/ Hot fluid rises: Putting fluid in motion with natural convection 292/ Controlling the flow with forced convection 293/ Too Hot to Handle: Getting in Touch with Conduction 294/ Finding the conduction equation 295/ Considering conductors and insulators 299/ Radiation: Riding the (Electromagnetic) Wave 300/ Mutual radiation: Giving and receiving heat 301/ Blackbodies: Absorbing and reflecting radiation 302/ Chapter 16: In the Best of All Possible Worlds: The Ideal Gas Law 307/ Digging into Molecules and Moles with Avogadro’s Number 308/ Relating Pressure, Volume, and Temperature with the Ideal Gas Law 309/ Forging the ideal gas law 310/ Working with standard temperature and pressure 312/ A breathing problem: Checking your oxygen 312/ Boyle’s and Charles’s laws: Alternative expressions of the ideal gas law 313/ Tracking Ideal Gas Molecules with the Kinetic Energy Formula 315/ Predicting air molecule speed 316/ Calculating kinetic energy in an ideal gas 317/ Chapter 17: Heat and Work: The Laws of Thermodynamics 319/ Getting Temperature with Thermal Equilibrium: the Zeroth Law 320/ Conserving Energy: The First Law of Thermodynamics 320/ Calculating with conservation of energy 321/ Staying constant: Isobaric, isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes 324/ Flowing from Hot to Cold: The Second Law of Thermodynamics 338/ Heat engines: Putting heat to work 338/ Limiting efficiency: Carnot says you can’t have it all 341/ Going against the flow with heat pumps 343/ Going Cold: The Third (And Absolute Last) Law of/ Thermodynamics 346/ Part 5: The Part of Tens 349/ Chapter 18: Ten Physics Heroes 351/ Galileo Galilei 351/ Sir Isaac Newton 352/ Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 353/ William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) 353/ Marie Salomea Sklodowska Curie 353/ Albert Einstein 354/ Emmy Noether 355/ Maria Goeppert Mayer 355/ Chen-Shiung Wu 355/ Jocelyn Bell Burnell 356/ Chapter 19: Ten Wild Physics Theories 357/ Time Slows Down 357/ Moving Objects Contract 358/ Heisenberg Says You Can’t Be Certain 358/ Black Holes Don’t Let Light Out 359/ Gravity Curves Space 359/ Matter and Antimatter Destroy Each Other 360/ Supernovas Are the Most Powerful Explosions 361/ The Universe Starts with the Big Bang and Ends with the Gnab Gib 361/ Microwave Ovens Are Hot Physics 362/ Most Matter is Invisible 363/ Glossary 365/ Index 369